Anxiety
Experiencing occasional anxiety is a normal part of life. However, people with anxiety disorders frequently have intense, excessive and persistent worry and fear about everyday situations. Often, anxiety disorders involve repeated episodes of sudden feelings of intense anxiety and fear or terror that reach a peak within minutes (panic attacks). These feelings of anxiety and panic interfere with daily activities, are difficult to control, are out of proportion to the actual danger and can last a long time. You may avoid places or situations to prevent these feelings. Symptoms may start during childhood or the teen years and continue into adulthood. Examples of anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder (social phobia), specific phobias and separation anxiety disorder. You can have more than one anxiety disorder. Sometimes anxiety results from a medical condition that needs treatment.
Understanding Anxiety
Anxiety is a normal part of life, but anxiety disorders involve intense, excessive, and persistent worry or fear that interferes with daily life. People with anxiety disorders may experience panic attacks—sudden episodes of extreme fear that peak within minutes—and may avoid situations that trigger these feelings. Anxiety can start in childhood or the teen years and continue into adulthood. Common types include generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobias, separation anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. Some people may have more than one anxiety disorder, and anxiety can sometimes be linked to a medical condition.
Symptoms and Effects
Symptoms of anxiety disorders can be physical, emotional, or behavioral. They may include feeling nervous, restless, or tense; racing heart; rapid breathing; sweating; trembling; weakness or fatigue; trouble concentrating; sleep difficulties; stomach problems; and difficulty controlling worry. Anxiety can also affect school, work, and relationships, and it can contribute to depression, substance misuse, chronic pain, social isolation, and reduced quality of life.
Causes and Risk Factors
Anxiety disorders don’t have a single cause. Genetics, personality traits, stressful life events, trauma, or other mental health conditions can increase risk. Medical conditions like heart disease, thyroid problems, chronic pain, or substance use can also contribute. Life events, ongoing stress, or major changes can trigger or worsen anxiety. People with a family history of anxiety or who have experienced trauma may be more vulnerable.
Getting Help
Anxiety disorders are treatable, and early support improves outcomes. Therapy, medication, or a combination can be effective, and lifestyle changes such as staying active, practicing relaxation techniques, maintaining healthy sleep and nutrition, and building social support can help. Avoiding alcohol or drug misuse is also important, as these can worsen anxiety. Seeking help from a trusted friend, family member, or mental health professional is an important first step.
Seeking Medical Advice
See a doctor if anxiety interferes with daily life, feels overwhelming, comes with depression or substance misuse, or if you have suicidal thoughts. In the U.S., you can contact the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline for immediate help. Anxiety may not go away on its own, but treatment and support can help people manage symptoms and improve quality of life.